Melt the Butter: Place a 4-quart pot over medium-high heat and melt the 4 tablespoons unsalted butter. This takes about 1 minute. It should be fully melted and gently bubbly, not browning.4 tablespoons all-purpose flour
Build the Roux: Sprinkle the flour over the melted butter and whisk constantly for 2 minutes. The roux should look like wet sand and smell lightly nutty, but stay pale. This step creates the velvety, thick base of the soup.
Add the Liquids: Slowly whisk in 5 cups chicken stock and 1 cup heavy cream, a little at a time, until smooth. This takes 1–2 minutes. The mixture should look like a thin, silky gravy.
Bring to a Simmer: Increase heat just until the soup begins to gently simmer. That will look like small bubbles around the edges, not a rapid boil. This takes 2–3 minutes.
Cook the Pasta: Stir in 1 1/4 cups uncooked elbow macaroni, 1/2 teaspoon garlic powder, 1/2 teaspoon ground mustard powder, 1 teaspoon kosher salt, and 1/4 teaspoon fresh ground black pepper. Cook uncovered for 8–10 minutes, stirring frequently so the pasta doesn’t settle or stick. Adjust heat as needed to maintain a low simmer. Pasta should be just al dente, and the soup will thicken noticeably.
Add the Cheese: Remove the pot completely off the heat. Add 8 ounces sharp cheddar cheese a handful at a time, stirring after each addition until smooth, glossy, and fully melted. That will take about 1–2 minutes. (If the soup becomes too thick, loosen with a splash of broth, milk, or cream.)
Taste + Serve: Taste and adjust seasoning as needed. Ladle into bowls while hot. The soup will continue to thicken as it sits. That is totally normal and a sign you nailed it.
Notes
Make-Ahead: This soup is best served immediately but can be made ahead. It will thicken considerably as it cools. Simply reheat gently and add a splash of broth, milk, or cream to loosen it.Storage: Refrigerate in an airtight container for up to 3 days.Reheating: Warm on the stovetop over low heat or in the microwave. Add broth, milk, or water while reheating to return it to a soup-like consistency.Freezing: Not recommended! Dairy and pasta don’t thaw well and can turn grainy.